The variation in automotive wiring harnesses is extremely vast; it’s not just the low cost, the heavy duty, or the luxury platforms. There are certainly optimized architectures, and especially for cost and weight. The sheer physical limitation of packaging space and volume demands the latter. But many different architectures have arisen to meet the needs of individual vehicle designs and are going to continue to evolve as automobiles continue to leverage new, next-generation technologies. For example, autonomous vehicles will have to implement centralized data storage and scalable, modular system architectures, and the wiring and networking components will have to evolve to support them. The question is whether the solution to next-generation wiring challenges is optical or wireless instead of just copper. There are a huge variety of parameters that will factor into these decisions, extending from vehicle’s network and software considerations to their physical wiring and electrical performance specifications.
Right now, there is a big push toward automotive Ethernet. Ethernet solves a lot of problems in terms of speed and reliability, but it hasn’t kept up with vehicle’s high-speed network needs. In addition, the Ethernet route also won’t offer standardized products that OEMs can employ as one-size-fits-all solutions. There are sure to be some standard CAN, LIN, and Ethernet approaches, but on top of that there are always going to be proprietary and application-specific protocols because they are technically required. So, there is still no real standardized answer for OEMs to fall back on there.
In the past, if you added a feature like power windows to a vehicle, you also added a power window module to its wiring harness. When you look at the current architectural approach, engineers now have to implement functions such as “window up.” Today’s automotive engineers have to account for features that can be implemented with a soft switch on the center console, a hard switch on the door, or even voice activation. This means that more features have to be implemented using software solutions, which should support more standardized automotive architectures for individual OEMs. This approach to automotive architectures will also result in more component reuse, which will mean fewer but larger component applications with redundant software modules and even more diagnostics.
As vehicles become more software-driven, there will be a greater need for diagnostics that can help ensure the functional performance of critical systems. Connector and header products will require finer-pitch data and power communications, back-up or fail-safe mechanisms, and robust diagnostic capabilities, in addition to an ever-expanding suite of core functionality.
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